ВОСТОЧНЫЙ КАЗАХСТАН В 30-Е ГОДЫ ХХ ВЕКА: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ДАННЫЕ И СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВА ОЧЕВИДЦЕВ

Abstract

This article presents the results of a study of archival documents on the history of the East Kazakhstan region, highlighting key events of the 1930s, including forced collectivization, sedentarization of the nomadic population, suppression of uprisings, and other punitive measures. Based on archival materials, the study identifies documents and memoirs that shed light on violent political campaigns in Eastern Kazakhstan and reveals the “reverse side” of the Soviet -era socio-economic transformations, the tragic consequences of which remained classified as “secret” for many years. These anti -popular campaigns aimed at eliminating so -called class -alien elements. Kulaks, bais, and mullahs were subjected to trials, executions, imprisonment, concentration camps, and exile. The campaign to dispossess wealthy bais provoked mass peasant uprisings, which were brutally suppressed by the Bolshevik–Stalinist regime with the use of regular army units.