THE ABANDONMENT OF INDIGENIZATION AS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF THE FORCED IMPLEMENTATION OF THE «SMALL OCTOBER IN KAZAKHSTAN» (1920S-1930S)

Abstract

In the 1920s –1930s, the policy of korenizatsiya was implemented in Kazakhstan with the aim of strengthening the role of the titular nation in governance and all spheres of public life. This policy became part of a broader strategy of the Soviet government in the field of national policy. As one of the key multiethnic republics, Kazakhstan became a testing ground for the implementation of this approach. Goals and objectives. To examine the prerequisites, goals, and methods of implementing korenizatsiya; to identify the causes of the conflict between representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia and the party leadership; and to determine the reasons for and consequences of the p olicy’s eventual reversal. Results.The study identified the prerequisites, goals, methods, and features of the implementation of korenizatsiya in Kazakhstan. Its execution was contradictory: while formally supporting national development, the Soviet author ities in reality sought to control and restrict it within ideological boundaries. The causes and nature of opposition within the regional party organization were also revealed: the position of national cadres regarding the goals and methods of korenizatsiy a was interpreted as a manifestation of «nationalism». A connection was established between the policy of korenizatsiya and subsequent political repressions: as part of the «Small October» policy, political opponents of Soviet power were identified and sub jected to mass repression. In the context of korenizatsiya in Kazakhstan during the 1920s -1930s, the people suffered significant losses and traumas, which had long-term intergenerational effects. Historical memory was distorted - for decades, the contributions of repressed figures -bearers of national identity, culture, traditions, and language - were silenced, leading to a loss of fair historical assessment of their role. Conclusions. Studying korenizatsiya allows us to understand the importance of balancing state-building with the preservation of cultural diversity, as well as the need to respect national identity in a multiethnic society. 142