SETTLEMENT POLICY DURING THE "LITTLE OCTOBER" PERIOD IN KAZAKHSTAN AS A FORM OF SOVIET DEMOGRAPHIC COLONIZATION

Abstract

In this article, through a systematic examination of the course, mechanisms, and consequences of the revolutionary campaigns of "Little October in Kazakhstan," we provide a scientific analysis of the settlement policy as a form of Soviet colonization. The author demonstrates that repressions in Kazakhstan possessed distinct characteristics and concludes, based on historical sources that the primary objective of the Center was to colonize Kazakhstan and turn it into a source of raw materials. To "Sovietize" the aul (village), remove individuals with traditional worldviews from society, and cultivate a new "Soviet person" who would blindly execute Bolshevik directives, the regime sought to eliminate opposing forces and establish incoming settlers as the Center's primary foothold. Furthermore, the article analyzes how members of the Kazakh national intelligentsia – including A. Baitursynov, S. Saduakasov, S. Kozhanov, A. Alibekov, Zh. Sultanbekov, Y. Mustambaev, S. Karatileuov, N. Nurmakov, I. Toktybaev, T. Zhamanmurynov, and others – strove to prioritize the return of land to the Kazakh population displaced by imperial resettlement policies, advocated for combining principles of social justice and national priority in land distribution, and rejected the new resettlement policy.