STRENGTHENING OF REPRESSIVE ACTIONS OF PUNITIVE AUTHORITIES DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ANTI- NATIONAL PROGRAM "SMALL OCTOBER IN KAZAKHSTAN"

Abstract

The article highlights some aspects of the process of formation and strengthening of the repressive organs of Soviet power during the implementation of the "Small October" program in Kazakhstan. The author analyzes the transformation of political and legal institutions after the October Revolution, including the creation of the NKVD, the Cheka and the OGPU and their importance in suppressing peasant uprisings, national and religious movements. Special attention is paid to the activities of the revolutionary tribunals, the limitation of prosecutorial supervision and the use of the army and aviation in punitive actions. Based on archival documents and research, the loss of signs of independence by the Soviet judicial system and its transformation into an instrument of political control are clearly presented. The article examines the participation of border troops and special units in operations against the peasantry and the national intelligentsia, including the role of the OGPU's Eastern Department in the repression of the leaders of the Alash movement. Based on the studied material and archival discoveries, the author consistently comes to the conclusion that the strengthening of repressive measures ensured the preservation of the power of the 171 Bolsheviks and t he formation of a totalitarian mechanism for suppressing dissent in Kazakhstan.