POLITICAL PRISONERS IN KAZAKHSTAN'S GULAG CAMPS (1930-1959): CONTINGENT AND CONDITIONS OF DETENTION

Abstract

Based on archival materials and published documentary and research works, the article provides a brief historiographical overview of published works on the history and population of the Kazakh Gulag camps; the basic normative -legal documents were considered, and the process of forming the so -called "political" prisoners of the corrective labor camps (ITLs)of the Gulag system was based on them; an analysis of the quantitative formation of this contingent by year was carried out using the example of the Karaganda forced labor camp. The article notes that the number of prisoners who ended up in camps subjected to political repression was much higher than those convicted under Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1926, because hundreds o f thousands of people were convicted not only under the articles of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, but also on the basis of orders of the OGPU -NKVD, resolutions of the Party and the government, etc. But this article aims to analyze the number of prisoners for "counter-revolutionary crimes", i.e. under Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the 160 RSFSR in the Kazakhstani Gulag camps on the example of Karlag, as the largest of the ITLs in the republic. The publication uses materials from the fund R -9414 of the Sta te Archive of the Russian Federation.