SPECIFICITY OF DISENFORCEMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 1920-1930S

Abstract

Introduction. During the period of political repression in the social st ructure of the cities of Kazakhstan in the 1920 -1930s, a marginal part of society appeared - the disenfranchised. One of the methods of fighting the “class enemy” was the policy of deprivation of political and civil rights on class, social, national, spiri tual and other grounds, expressed in 233 restricting their rights and freedoms. This cruel idea, based on dividing the population of the Union into classes, appeared among the Soviet leadership shortly after the October Revolution of 1917, and in July 1918, de privation of the right to vote for belonging to a certain class or social group was enshrined in a special article of the first Constitution of the RSFSR. This norm remained until the mid-1930s. The purpose and objectives of the study are to study the processes of deprivation of voting rights in certain regions and cities of Kazakhstan, to identify the legal status of disenfranchised people and the problems of their adaptation. Results. In 1923-1927, the categories of people included in the list of people d eprived of voting rights in Kazakhstan were much wider and more diverse than in other territories of the Soviet Union. In Kazakhstan, first of all, bais, kulaks, participants in popular uprisings and protests, clergy, former traders, resellers, former volost managers and aul elders, and other tsarist officials who began their activities in pre-revolutionary times were deprived of their rights. Taking into account this circumstance, in the period from 1918 to 1936 in Kazakhstan hundreds of thousands of peopl e were deprived of the right to vote for belonging to a certain class or social group, which was enshrined in a special article of the Constitution. Deprivation of voting rights entailed infringement of rights and freedoms, including the right to life. By depriving the Bolshevik-Stalinist government of voting rights, it was possible to limit on a legal basis politically active peasants who opposed the collective farm system or did not express their sympathy for it. Conclusions. In 1918 -1936, the mechanism of extrajudicial deprivation of political electoral rights of citizens of the Soviet state, including the cities of Kazakhstan, made it possible to remove them from the organizational and legal form. Deprivation of voting rights made it possible to neutrali ze a significant part of the population, made it possible to gradually introduce a policy of forceful resolution of governance issues in the region, and ultimately created the conditions for the use of repressive measures against the population of Kazakhstan.